Deemed
the greatest British architect of the twentieth century,
Sir Edward Lutyens is known solely amongst gardeners in
conjunction with gardening guru Gertrude Jekyll. Lutyens
was a brilliant designer in his own right when it came to
blueprints, but it is his famed friendship with Jekyll that
continues to esteem him to circles of a more green-thumbed
nature.
Born
in London during the latter half of the 19th century, Lutyens
was the tenth child in a family of thirteen. An early battle
with the rheumatic fever left him physically weak and frail.
As a result, he was the only boy in the family who did not
attend public school or university. While this may have
been seen to be a professional death sentence, Lutyens eventually
rose above the odds with astonishing talent in mathematics
and the graphic arts. Roaming the English countryside as
a boy, Lutyens devised a clever reusable sketchbook: he
would hold up a glass pane to a building, and trade it with
pieces of soap sharpened to fine points. This method soon
came to clearly illustrate his keen eye and proclivity towards
design, and his abilities were soon noticed by his neighbour
and fellow illustrator, Ralph Caldecott. The young Lutyens'
dedication and skill led him to the top of the field, culminating
in the "mother of the arts" itself: architecture.
Lutyens
studied architecture at the South Kensington School of Art
in London. As many great minds often do, he left after two
years, feeling that he had learned all he possibly could
from the program, and settled into what would eventually
grow into one of the most expansive portfolios in architectural
history. It was at Kensington where he met Herbert Baker,
whom he would later work with in designing and building
the Viceroy's house in New Delhi. Lutyens practiced architecture
during a century of great change. During his years at school,
the Statue of Liberty was being completed and the Eiffel
Tower just begun. The modern era was burgeoning with technological
advances, showcased by the various international exhibitions
that became like fairgrounds for national pride. At first
drawing heavily from the Arts and Crafts movement, Lutyens'
work eventually took on more Classical design components.
Whatever the family of influence, the breadth of his work
is astounding: from private residences to churches and castles,
to war memorials, museums and public gardens, Lutyens' scope
established him as one of the most innovative and adaptable
designers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He
is well-known for the Viceroy's house in New Delhi, Castle
Drogo in Devon, the Cathedral of Christ the King in Liverpool,
the British Embassy in Washington, DC, for Queen Mary's
famous dollhouses, and for Gertrude Jekyll's own home at
Munstead Wood.
Lutyens
married Emily Lytton in 1897, the daughter of a Viceroy
of India. Though it is said
that he was the most spirited and witty of dinner guests,
a lively punster and able to engage a variety of people,
Emily remained dissatisfied in their marriage. Lutyens was
myopic in his architectural vision, perhaps enabling him
to accomplish such a wide variety of work. On the home front
however, he left Emily bored and unattended to.
A
serendipitous meeting with Gertrude
Jekyll in 1889, who was his senior of over twenty years,
led to a lifetime of close cooperation. She was both a major
influence on his early work, and also somewhat of a public
relations manager, introducing him to many of his early
clients. In fact, Lutyens probably owed Jekyll full credit
for his landscape work, and any of his notable accomplishments
as a gardener. She helped him to acquire garden-specific
design skills, augmenting his architectural scope and creativity.
Her own home in Surrey, Munstead Wood, came to be one of
his most well-known and well-preserved destinations. The
characteristic "Lutyens-Jekyll" garden overflowed
with shrub and herbaceous planting, all housed within the
classical borders of stairs and terraces. It merged the
disciplined elements of architecture with the playful unpredictability
of the natural world. It was somehow both ordered and chaotic
at the same time, with each strengthening and dramaticizing
the other. Meandering brick pathways, walls overflowing
with lavender, and a less-constrained approach helped the
two define the English Garden of the later Victorian era
against what was previously a more formalist approach. Some
of their most popular collaborations include Hestercombe
Gardens, Barington Court near Illminster, le Bois des Moutiers
near Dieppe, and the garden of Goddards, at Abinger. These
gardens draw thousands of garden and landscape aficionados
every year, and stand as witness to one of the most revered
design teams throughout history.
Founded
in 1984, The
Lutyens Trust is an educational charity, acting as a
source of information, and also contributing to the care
and maintenance of his works. The Trust intends to promote
the preservation of Lutyens' works for the benefit of the
public.